The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Quotes about douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor coined the two terms theory x and theory y and used them to label two sets of beliefs a manager might hold about the origins of human behaviour. Theory y the higherlevel needs of esteem and selfactualization are continuing needs because people always seek to improve. Mcgregor s ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. He suggested that either set of needs could be utilized by the management to motivate employees but that the use of theory y rather than theory x gave better results mcgregor, et al. Explain the implications of theory x, theory y, and theory z for employee management mcgregors theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s.
Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y finzel 1994, 28 theory x authoritarian. Leadership style and organizational performance have been researched extensively. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. Douglas mcgregors theory x and y by aevan fernandez on prezi. The latter theory has a much more positive view about employees and it is suggested that the employer is under a lot less pressure than one who is influenced by the management style of theory x. The amount of work which i do for my salary compared to what work others do for their salary. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia. Proposed theory x and theory y to be recognized as motivational theories in developing managerial leadership. Pdf on nov 1, 2017, mohammad saiful islam and others published application of mcgregor s theory x and theory y. First published in 1960, the human side of enterprise has become a worldwide management bible. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was an american organizational theorist and management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Evaluating mcgregors theory as an approach to management.
The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Mcgregors ideas about theory x and theory y were first articulated in his article. The democratic approach of theory y makes people feel comfortable as a result of which they commit themselves wholeheartedly to the organization. X y theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Explanation of fourteen points of management by edward deming. Theory x and theory y theory x and theory y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behavior that are relevant to the practice of management.
In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Superior essay writers mcgregors theory x and theory y. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and carry. Difference between theory x and theory y of motivation and. Many managers tend towards theory x, and generally get poor. Theory y is difficult to put into practice on the shop floor in large mass production operations, but it can be used initially in the managing of managers and professionals. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y.
In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. Theory y, on the other hand, presents a positive view of human. Small business owners in the sishane lighting and chandelier district. In addition, managers who tend to utilize mcgregors theory x generally receive poor results from their employees. He suggested that management could use either theories to motivate employees in most other cases, but would gain better results using theory y rather than theory x, because x appeals to higher level needs. Mcgregors xy theory mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to mcgregor, youll likely use an authoritarian style of. Aug 21, 2015 the theory x and theory y are not based on a single truth. Mcgregors theory x and theory y essay, essay buy example. Oct 23, 2008 theory x and theory y are still important terms in the field of management and motivation.
Edwards deming w edwards deming was an american statistician who is associated with the rise of japan as a manufacturing nation, and with the invention of total quality management tqm. Mcgregor s x y theory is a natural rule for managing people. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the manager or worker corresponding to the. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. If correlate it with maslows theory, we can say that theory x is based on the assumption that the employees emphasize on the physiological needs and the. Mcgregor, theory x and theory y its in the change nhtv. Douglas mcgregor taught psychology and industrial management at mit and was president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. The human side of enterprise, mcgregor, 1957 and were expanded upon. Theory x represents a negative view of human nature that assumes individuals generally dislike work, are irresponsible, and require close supervision to do their jobs. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its impact.
Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its impact on organizational performance. Theory y is difficult to implement on the work floor of a large mass production operation, but can be used by managing professionals. Theory x and theory y also have implications in military command and control c2. Synopsis this is mcgregors timeless principles and influential thinking now updated for a new generation of managers.
My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Mcgregor, theory x and theory y its in the change nhtv weblog. Using the text and at least three other legitimate resources, write a 35 page paper that compares and contrasts mcgregors theory x and theory y. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. The first being theory y mangers and theory x managers waddell, jones, george 2010, p. Mcgregor maintained that there two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory x y attitudes and theory x y behaviors.
He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. Prepared for the sloan school 50th anniversary session on october 11 2002. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. A multilevel, multisource analysis article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 2714. The biggest advantage of using theory x and theory y is that they are easy to understand. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free. Even today in 20, only a few companies are truly adopting theory y assumptions, but it is a start and hopefully a start towards a more human workplace.
For mcgregor, theory x and y are not different ends of the same continuum. However, the literature has a limited number of studies concerning organizational performance of small and medium businesses, even less research on the impact on organizational performance of theory x and theory y type leadership styles. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. Difference between theory x and theory y of motivation and its critical appraisal. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Management treats workers as units of production rather than recognizing them as human beings who have other needs that must be met. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in. Kelly devine comm 303 mcgregors theory y management slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. All employees do not want to work other than to maintain a standard of living. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its.
There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. Thus, we can say that theory x presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behaviour at work, while theory y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behaviour at work. It has generated wide ranging and lasting interest in the field of motivation. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. In the human side of enterprise mcgregor shows how theory y affects the management of promotions and. Using the text and at least three other legitimate resources, write a 35 page paper. Older, strictly hierarchical conceptions of c2, with narrow centralization of decision rights, highly constrained patterns of interaction, and limited information distribution tend to arise from cultural and organizational assumptions compatible with theory x. Suggests that employees compare their inputs and outcomes from a job to 2. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. The first part introduces the concepts of theory x and theory y.
Mcgregor considers theory x and theory y as two different continua in themselves, they are not different ends of the same continuum. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has described. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, thomas mcgregor started his business and given its name as, mcgregor institute. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise, and they refer to two styles of management authoritarian theory x and participative theory y. Theory x and theory y are still important terms in the field of management and motivation. Since theory x is the theory that employees are just lazy and need a whip, the obvious cons are that the employees are going to need some sort of motivation and thats usually monetary. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Invision employees share their remote work secrets. The human side of enterprise consists of 3 parts and is in total about 250 pages.
Douglas mcgregor s work builds on the work of other behavioral scientists who showed a link between human behavior, motivation, and productivity. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of. It helped to crystallise and put into right perspective the findings of the hawthorne experiments. Douglas mcgregor s revolutionary theory y which contends that individuals are selfmotivated and selfdirected influenced major management gurus such as peter drucker and warren bennis. Mcgregors work is based on maslows hierarchy of needs, organized into a higherorder needs theory y and a lowerorder needs theory x. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. View homework help douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y.
Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregors theory x and y by aevan fernandez. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory y is based upon an incomplete theory of human motivation that erroneously assumes that all people are creative and want to be creative in the same way. Questioning some of the fundamental assumptions about human behavior in organizations, he outlined a new role for managers. Feb 16, 2006 first published in 1960, the human side of enterprise has become a worldwide management bible. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
Douglas mcgregors work builds on the work of other behavioral scientists who showed a link between human behavior, motivation, and productivity. Important research by michael kirton presents a different model of creativity that explains the failure of theory y and justi. Theory x managers and theory y managers often see their perceptions of people confirmed. This would mean, it is these higherlevel needs through which employees. Apr 16, 2010 kelly devine comm 303 mcgregor s theory y management slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Theory x and theory y represent two sets of assumptions about human nature and human behavior that are relevant to the practice of management. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
In 1960 he published the human side of management, in which he introduced the concept of theory x and theory y styles of management. Theory x was mcgregors name for the style of management most in use at the time. Rather they are two different continua in themselves. How is the self fulfilling prophecy related to mcgregors. While in high school, mcgregor worked as night clerk at the mcgregor institute, a family affair originally established by his grandfather, but managed by his father and his uncle to provide temporary accommodation for around 100 transient workers at a time. Mcgregors theory x and theory y introduction human beings have been studied systematically and objectively for many years to determine if they are resistant to work or selfgoverning.
The ration of input to outcomes of relevant others 3. Focuses on the nature of human relationships the integration of personal goals with the success of the enterprise. Douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management thinking and practice. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor.
In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. In this essay i will elaborate more on the douglas mcgregors theory x and y as well as how the theory has added value in the methods of the management that managers today use to reach organizational goals. Mcgregors theory x and y in the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various. Mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born in detroit, michigan. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y biography of douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born on 1906 in detroit, america.
The business provides assistance to great lakes sailors and other transient labour. Deming went to japan just after the war to help set up. Mcgregor s theory x and y is a salutary and simple remainder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of daytoday business are all too easily forgotten. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, but mcgregors xy theory remains a guiding principle of positive approaches to management, to organizational development, and to improving organizational culture. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Theory x all employees do not want to work other than to maintain a standard of living. Take your hr comms to the next level with prezi video. Focuses on tactics of direction and control through the exercise of authority theory y humanbased. Conclusion theory x and theory y conclusion theory x and. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation.
1150 1311 946 1584 1133 1534 1350 815 1022 1171 1427 739 1039 868 980 1211 376 1220 383 531 467 675 434 1437 959 814 1087 981 476 284 567 1037